The Rules of Wheelchair Basketball: Paralympic Sport
Wheelchair basketball, a key discipline of the Paralympic Games since 1960, is much more than just an adaptation of traditional basketball. With specific rules, such as the requirement to dribble every two pushes of the wheelchair and the classification of players based on their level of disability, this sport offers intense and inclusive competition.
For the Paris 2024Paralympic Games, wheelchair basketball stands as a strong example of diversity and inclusion in the sporting world, while respecting the principles of fair play and skill that characterize this iconic sport.
What is the Basket Height in Wheelchair Basketball?
Wheelchair basketball is an adapted version of basketball, where two teams of five players compete on a court measuring 28 meters by 15 meters. The baskets are set at a height of 3.05 meters, the same as in traditional basketball. Each game is divided into four 10-minute periods. The team that scores the most points at the end of regulation time wins the game.
What Are the Differences Between Wheelchair Basketball and Traditional Basketball?
- Dribbling and Movement: In wheelchair basketball, a player must dribble the ball after every two pushes of their wheelchair. On the third push without dribbling, a “traveling” violation is called, and the ball is given to the opposing team. Unlike in traditional basketball, double dribbling is allowed.
- Contact and Physical Integrity: Physical contact is allowed as long as it does not endanger the physical integrity of the players. The wheelchair is considered an extension of the player‘s body. Players are not allowed to lift their legs, or they will receive a technical foul.
How Does Wheelchair Basketball Ensure Fair Play?
In wheelchair basketball, each player is classified on a point scale from 1 to 5, depending on their level of disability. For example, a player classified as “1” has limited trunk movement, while a player classified as “4.5” has almost complete trunk mobility. This classification system, which does not exist in traditional basketball, ensures that teams maintain competitive balance. The total points of players on the court must not exceed 14.5 points.
For more details, you can consult the complete regulations published by the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF)here.
Wheelchair Basketball Scoring System
The scoring system is identical to that of traditional basketball:
- 1 point for a successful free throw.
- 2 points for a basket made inside the three-point line.
- 3 points for a basket made beyond the three-point line.
Line Limits and Player Positioning in Wheelchair Basketball
A player’s position is determined by the part of the wheelchair closest to the ground relative to the court lines. The two large rear wheels of the wheelchair define the player’s position. The small front wheels of the wheelchair are not considered for determining the player’s position and may slightly cross the three-point line during shots, as long as the rear wheels are within the three-point area.
How Do Free Throws Work in Wheelchair Basketball?
During free throws, the rear wheels (or large wheels) of the wheelchair must be behind the free-throw line and inside the semicircle. The front wheels (or small casters) may cross this line, allowing players to position themselves correctly while complying with the rules. The player must not touch the free-throw line or enter the restricted area with any part of their body or rear wheels until the ball has entered the basket or touched the ring.
Conclusion
The specific rules of wheelchair basketball ensure balanced and inclusive competition while respecting the sport’s competitive spirit and fair play. These adaptations make the sport accessible and exciting for all athletes, and it will be fascinating to follow the teams and performances at the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games.